Microstructures,mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of sprayed Ca–P coating for micropatterning carbon/carbon substrate surface

Carbon/carbon (C/C) surface micropatterning is a method of modifying the surface into the complete and regular geometry. In this work, we introduce a positive effect on bonding strength between sprayed Ca–P coating and surface micropatterning C/C substrate. Interestingly, C/C substrate coated by Ca–P coating provides textured surface for a new bone ingrowth. The sprayed Ca–P coating is then subjected to microwave-hydrothermal (MH) treatment with the aim of eliminating surface defects and obtaining a uniform purity phase. These objectives were achieved in our previous study by the MH method. The molar ratio of Ca/P in the coatings is nearly close to 1, which is far below that of Ca/P for hydroxyapatite (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂, HA, 1.67). The purpose of this article is to transform the phases in the sprayed Ca–P coating, which owns the better bioactivity and high corrosion resistance. In order to raise the molar ratio of Ca/P, the coatings are treated under high-temperature (around 700 °C). They are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and a fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). The bonding strength (coating/substrate), biological activity and corrosion resistance of the coatings are investigated. The resulting coatings own the different microstructures and phase compositions from the original sprayed Ca–P coating. Especially, results show that the shear strength of the sprayed Ca–P coating deposited on surface micropatterning C/C substrate increases by 61% which is more than that of the coating on non-surface micropatterning C/C substrate. Additionally, high-temperature treated coating presents a good biological activity and an excellent corrosion resistance of current density (1.3078 × 10^-6 A/cm²) and potential (−0.17 V_SCE).     

密胺树脂强化“脱硫石膏-玻纤”的成型过程与机制

为了资源化利用烟气脱硫产生的工业废弃物脱硫石膏,以密胺树脂强化的脱硫石膏-纤维复合体系为研究对象,将密胺树脂固化成型条件与石膏的水化成型过程进行匹配与优化,发展出具有优异综合性能的石膏复合板材.结果表明:密胺树脂的固化交联与石膏晶须生长过程的合理匹配与协同,既有助于形成有机-无机紧密结合,同时也有助于加强脱硫石膏晶须与玻璃纤维之间的附着,促进实现密胺树脂对材料性能的强化;石膏复合板的抗折强度不低于18 MPa,抗压强度大于25 MPa,弹性模量大于6500 MPa,24 h吸水率低于3.0%,主要性能超过传统的水泥或硅酸钙类型的基础板材,具有明显的技术及市场开发前景.     

电子束3D打印模型处理对钛合金零件成形精度的影响

模型处理是影响3D打印钛合金零件成形精度的关键因素之一。以电子束3D打印几种典型形状TC4钛合金零件为研究对象,通过对成形零件进行精度检测,分析其在模型处理过程中引起误差的来源,提出了几项改进措施:对于圆柱体轴类零件,将模型精度设置提高到0. 02 mm,可有效提高零件的成形精度;对于点阵多孔零件,提高STL数据的精度并优化切层算法,保持切层前后模型原貌是解决该问题的途径;对于针状细圆柱零件,将相同零件按照同一方向摆放,可以减少摆放角度对偏差的随机性影响;对于异形件,应在满足成形精度的前提下合理布局并减少支撑;对于薄壁零件,增加支撑密度能够有效提高零件悬空部分的成形精度。     

Robust model for optimization of forming process for metallic bipolar plates of cleaner energy production system

Energy production systems such as proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has a promising future in the cleaner energy market due to zero emissions. Rubber pad forming (RPF) process of metallic bipolar plates of PEMFCs is gaining attention among the researchers. Studies based on design of experiments have been conducted to find the crucial parameters of the forming process. These methods are based on the assumptions of the model structure, correlated residuals, etc., which can cause uncertainty in estimation ability of the model on unseen data. Therefore, the present study focuses on the design of robust models of these parameters for PEMFCs using an optimization approach of genetic programming (GP). The inputs from the experiments considered in GP are radius, the friction coefficient, the filling factor and the minimum thickness. Experiments on PEMFCs validates the performance of the GP models. Further, the relationships between the two inputs and the three outputs for PEMFCs are generated as well as the contributions of each input to each of the output. Optimization of the models generated by GP can further determine the forming quality of metallic bipolar plates of PEMFCs by an appropriate setting of the two inputs.     

冷喷涂固态颗粒沉积中颗粒间结合形成机制研究进展

就目前主流的冷喷涂颗粒结合形成机理进行了系统总结和评述,为冷喷涂沉积体性能的调控和后续研究提供借鉴。分别就经典的颗粒界面绝热剪切失稳结合机理,颗粒界面应力波释放诱导材料射流形成结合机理,以及高速碰撞诱导颗粒表面氧化膜破碎、新鲜金属接触结合机理的基本概念、原理、特点进行了概括总结。通过大量系统文献的调研,指出现有理论目前存在的相悖和不足之处,并简要分析了现有颗粒间结合形成理论对冷喷涂沉积体质量调控方面的指导意义。最后基于现有研究的不足,对冷喷涂颗粒界面结合机制方面的研究进行了展望。     

薄喷涂层技术在底抽巷围岩防风化中的应用

针对传统喷浆作业喷射水泥浆,效果差、效率低、粉尘治理难度大等问题,采用薄喷涂层技术对底抽巷进行喷浆作业。经过岳城矿实测证明,薄喷涂层有效遏制了底抽巷围岩的变形速度,保持了围岩的整体塑性,防风化效果显著,可通过及时补强加固实现围岩的有效控制,提高底抽巷掘进效率。     

热挤压成形GH3625合金管材组织及裂纹形成机理

通过对比热挤压成形管材和爆裂管材的组织以及对爆裂管材裂纹和断口的分析,研究了热挤压成形GH3625合金管材的组织及裂纹形成机理。结果表明:爆裂管材与成形管材的组织均为等轴晶,但爆裂管材的开裂使晶界处的应力集中得以释放,其组织中并没有形成变形孪晶,在管材径向方向上也不存在晶粒尺寸不均匀的现象。挤压比过高导致管材在热挤压过程中绝热升温严重,使低熔点的Laves相熔化并扩散到周围基体中,是裂纹形成的根本原因。在模具出口处高拉应力的作用下,这些裂纹不断扩展最终连接在一起,导致管材的爆裂现象。由于断口表面冷却速率较高,组织通过奥氏体区的时间较短,再结晶形核核心多且晶粒长大过程受阻,使断口表面形成了一层十分细小的再结晶晶粒。     

数字化无模冷冻铸造成形方法研究

本文提出了一种数字化无模冷冻铸造成形方法。它是用纯水做砂型铸造用粘接剂，预混适量水分的型砂颗粒通过低温冻结后形成冷冻砂坯，然后进行基于减材制造成形原理的冷冻砂型切削的新技术。文中揭示了包覆型砂颗粒的水膜通过低温相变后冻结成冰晶粘接桥的微观形貌演化规律，发现冷冻砂型的强度是由冰晶颗粒和型砂颗粒的界面结合作用产生的，并且随着冷冻温度降低，砂型抗拉强度显著增加。同时系统地开展了A356铝合金在冷冻砂型中的快速凝固成形机理研究，包括冷冻砂型中铸件凝固的铸态微观组织、成分分布及力学行为。结果表明：随着凝固速率提高，组织中初生α-Al相的二次枝晶臂间距（SDAS）显著减小，晶粒尺寸明显细化，Si元素在基体中的溶解度增大。试件抗拉强度、塑性值和微观硬度值均显著升高，金属构件尺寸精度可达CT8级。     

The influence of the carrier addition and spray drying temperatures on physicochemical properties of microencapsulated carrot juice powder

The objective of this study was to determinate the influence of carrier addition and spray drying temperatures (160 or 200°C) on physicochemical properties of spray-dried carrot juice powder. As carriers, maltodextrin and gum Arabic in different proportions were used. In powders were determined the following: moisture content, water activity, apparent density, size of particles, colour and carotenoids content. The content of carotenoids in powders prepared from solutions with juice to carrier ratio 2:3 was 324.3–406.6 mg/kg d.m., while in powders with a J:C = 3:2 values ranged from 576.7 to 637.7 mg/kg d.m. The highest content of carotenoids and the most yellow colour were observed in powders with 1:3 gum Arabic to maltodextrin ratio. Powders with the highest amount of gum Arabic have the highest diameter and the lowest water activity. High inlet temperature caused brighter colour of powders, higher dry matter content, lower water activity and apparent density of powders.     

A review on growth optimization of spray pyrolyzed Cu2ZnSnS4 chalcogenide absorber thin film

The progress of solar cell technology in the development of clean and economic quaternary compound copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS)‐based absorber thin films using the spray pyrolysis technique are presented in this review. CZTS (Cu₂ZnSnS₄) is the only potential competitor for the existing solar thin film absorbing materials owing to its environment‐friendly Earth abundant constituents. Even though different nonvacuum thin film technologies have been developed for the large area fabrication of this nontoxic absorber material, spray pyrolysis technique offers more versatility in changing the process parameters which has a direct impact on the cell efficiency. It can be used for depositing a wide variety of materials even with complex composition with good crystallinity, and the method has the advantage of being flexible and straightforward to design and can be quickly adopted for extensive area deposition. A survey on the effects of experimental conditions as well as the nature of precursors on the structural, morphological, electrical, and optical properties on the spray pyrolyzed CZTS thin films is discussed in detail. This analysis certainly could provide a potential to obtain new insights in the fabrication of high‐efficiency CZTS‐based solar cells and to launch it into the commercial market to satisfy the ever‐growing future energy demand.